The linguistic character of New Englishes 1

English is a Global Language by David Crystal

-grammar-

New words
-It is difficult to differentiate between the twin sisters.
-Sporadic gunfire could be heard in the town.
-It may well be that children younger than seven years lack the ability to explain.
-Intranational dialects are bound up with issued of local identity.
-Corpora will provide us with data that reveal what is usual and typical about the language.
-The inversion of word order is identified in New Englishes.
-I count him as one of my best friends.
-Poverty is pervasive in Africa.
-The author of the article has a biased opinion.
-His research was fuelled with government grants.
-This sentence is incorrect prescriptively.
-The country has started exploratory drilling for oil.
-This watch is expensive. Accordingly, it should keep the correct time.
-Colligation is a kind of lexical collocations in specific grammatical contexts.
-The student read a multiplicity of books for her essay.
-This report is about a contrastive analysis of British and American English.
-Global warming may be the cumulative effect of human activity on the world environment.
-The teacher offered him impressionistic criticism.
-The police succeeded in eliciting a confession from the criminal.
-Variant is a linguistic form from that is one of a set of alternatives in a given context, as in the plural forms /s/, /z/ and /iz/.
-People living with AIDS were stigmatized in society.
-He told anecdotes about his film work.
-The man intrigued the authority.
-Historical linguistics is the study of the development of language and is also called diachronic linguistics.
-Typology is the study of the system of dividing something into different types.
-Synchronic linguistics is the study of language at a particular point in time.
-The book is written in a colloquial style.
-We saw a constellation of Hollywood talent.
-Code switching is the use by a speaker of more than one language, dialect, or variety during a conversation.
-He is very susceptible to crying women.

Summary
The grammar of the written English has been focused in schools. However, new varieties of spoken English, which is called New Englishes, cannot be ignored because they are linked to local identities. The differences between British and American English are much smaller than those of New Englishes. Especially in a multilingual country, English has been influenced by other languages. Take, for example, why + you construction is identified in colloquial Singapore English. Why you eat so much? implies that you should not eat so much unless there is a good reason. In British and American English, Why eat so much? suggests that I do not think you should and Why do you eat so much? means that I really want to know. Such studies are limited. Further diachronic typological research is needed.